Sambhaji Maharaj

 Sambhaji Maharaj (1657-1689) was the second ruler of the Maratha Empire, following his father, the legendary Shivaji Maharaj. He played a significant role in the history of India, particularly in the struggle against the Mughal Empire.

Early Life and Accession

Sambhaji was born in Purandar Fort, Maharashtra, to Shivaji and his first wife, Saibai. After Shivaji's death in 1680, Sambhaji succeeded him as the ruler of the Maratha Empire.

Military Campaigns

Sambhaji continued his father's expansionist policies, engaging in various military campaigns against the Mughals, the Portuguese, and other neighboring kingdoms. Some notable battles include:

1. *Battle of Burhanpur* (1681): Sambhaji defeated the Mughal forces, securing a crucial victory.

2. *Battle of Sangameshwar* (1682): He defeated the Portuguese, capturing several forts and territories.

Administrative Reforms

Sambhaji implemented various administrative reforms, including:

1. *Reorganization of the Military*: He restructured the Maratha army, creating a more efficient and effective fighting force.

2. *Revenue System*: Sambhaji introduced a new revenue system, which helped to stabilize the economy and increase state revenue.

Capture and Execution

In 1689, Sambhaji was captured by the Mughal forces while on a hunting expedition. He was taken to the Mughal court, where he was subjected to torture and eventually executed on March 11, 1689.

Legacy

Sambhaji Maharaj is remembered as a brave warrior and a skilled administrator. He played a crucial role in maintaining the Maratha Empire's independence and expanding its territories. His legacy continues to inspire the people of Maharashtra and India.