Earth planet in solar system

 Earth is the third planet from the Sun in our Solar System and the only known planet to support life.

Key Facts:

1. *Diameter*: Approximately 12,742 kilometers (7,918 miles)

2. *Mass*: Approximately 5.97 x 10^24 kilograms

3. *Surface Gravity*: 9.8 meters per second squared (32 feet per second squared)

4. *Atmosphere*: Composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases

5. *Oceans*: Cover approximately 71% of the planet's surface

6. *Continents*: 7 continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America

Unique Features:

1. *Water*: Earth is the only known planet with liquid water, essential for life.

2. *Magnetic Field*: Protects the planet from harmful solar and cosmic radiation.

3. *Atmospheric Circulation*: Supports weather patterns and climate regulation.

4. *Geological Activity*: Processes like plate tectonics shape the planet's surface.

Habitability:

1. *Temperature Range*: Supports liquid water and life, with temperatures between -89°C and 57°C (-129°F and 135°F).

2. *Organic Compounds*: Presence of carbon-based molecules, building blocks of life.

3. *Energy Sources*: Receives energy from the Sun, supporting photosynthesis and life.

Earth's unique combination of features makes it an ideal haven for life to emerge and thrive.

The rotation of Earth is the movement of our planet on its axis, which is an imaginary line that runs through the North and South Poles.

Key Facts:

1. *Rotation Period*: 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (approximately 24 hours)

2. *Rotation Speed*: 1,674 kilometers per hour (km/h) or 1,040 miles per hour (mph) at the equator

3. *Axis Tilt*: 23.5 degrees relative to the plane of its orbit around the Sun

Effects of Rotation:

1. *Day and Night*: Rotation causes day and night cycles, with the Sun appearing to rise in the east and set in the west.

2. *Time Zones*: The rotation of Earth divides the planet into 24 time zones, each separated by one hour.

3. *Weather Patterns*: Rotation influences global wind patterns, ocean currents, and weather systems.

4. *Equatorial Bulge*: The planet's rotation causes a slight bulge at the equator due to centrifugal force.

Rotation Measurement:

1. *Sidereal Day*: The time it takes Earth to rotate once on its axis relative to the fixed stars (23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds).

2. *Solar Day*: The time it takes Earth to rotate once on its axis relative to the Sun (24 hours).

Interesting Facts:

1. Earth's rotation is slowing down due to the gravitational pull of the Moon.

2. The planet's rotation has slowed by about 1.8 milliseconds per century.

3. The length of a day on Earth has increased by about 1.78 seconds over the past 620 million years.