Biometrics:
Biometric meaning, its an adjective, which means relating to or involving the application of statistical analysis to biological data.
Examples include, but are not limited to fingerprint, palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odour/scent.
Behavioral characteristics are related to the pattern of behavior of a person, including but not limited to typing rhythm, gait, and voice.
Use, instead of using something you have (like a key) or something you know (like a password), biometrics uses who you are to identify you.
Biometrics can use physical characteristics, like your face, fingerprints, irises or veins, or behavioral characteristics like your voice, handwriting or typing rhythm.
Biometric first used,with the widespread use of computers in the late 20th century, new possibilities for digital biometrics emerged.
Although the idea to use the iris for identification purposes was suggested in the 1930 s,
the first iris recognition algorithm wasn't patented until 1994 and became available commercially the next year.
The term “biometrics” is derived from the Greek words “bio” (life) and “metrics” (to measure).
Civil Identity, population registration and voter registration
AFIS databases (Automated Fingerprint Identification System), often linked to a civil register database,
ensure the identity and uniqueness of the citizen in relation to the rest of the population in a reliable, fast and automated way.
They can combine digital fingerprints, a photo and an iris scan for greater reliability.
Civil identity and population registration
India’s Aadhaar project is emblematic of biometric registration. It is by far the world's largest biometric identification system and
the cornerstone of strong identification and authentication in India.
Aadhaar number is a 12-digit unique identity number issued to all Indian residents.
This number is based on their biographic and biometric data (a photograph, ten fingerprints two iris scans).
1,24 billion people have an Aadhaar number as of June 2019, covering more that 99% of the Indian adult population.
Initially the project has been linked to public subsidy and unemployment benefit schemes but it now includes a payment scheme.
Aahaar is providing an identity to every Indian has made many services more accessible to the people.
It has reduced corruption, cost of delivery of public services and middlemen.
Biometrics offers a broad range of techniques and can be used in a wide variety of different domains, ranging from State security to the comfort of individuals.
These technologies are mainly used in the sectors of forensic identification, identity management, as well as for biometric access control both in private and
public institutions. The effectiveness of this technology is closely linked to the use of data processing. Data is stored in files to enable rapid and
reliable identification, which in turn guarantees both comfort and security.
The most well-known techniques include fingerprints, face recognition, iris, palm and DNA-based recognition.
Research is currently opening the way for new types of biometrics, such as ear shape or facial thermography.
Whatever the method, what all these biometric techniques have in common is that they all collect characteristics which are:
1.universal, as they can be found in all individuals
2.unique, as they make it possible to differentiate one individual from another
3.permanent, allowing for change over time
4. recordable, as the characteristics of an individual cannot be collected without their consent
5.measurable, allowing for future comparison
6.and forgery-proof.
To increase security and accuracy, multimodal biometrics combines several biometric sources.
Multimodal biometric systems usually require two biometric credentials for positive identification such as face and fingerprints instead of one.
They are able to overcome limitations commonly encountered in unimodal systems.
For a number of years now, the use of several biometrics in combination, for example the face and the iris or the iris and fingerprints,
has made it possible to reduce error rates considerably.
Biometric needs for:
The simple truth is that solutions are totally related to the challenges to be met.
The justice system, for example, which must take the necessary time to identify a criminal and cannot accept the slightest error,
will not be worried by a long and costly process.
An everyday individual will seek to protect their own personal property and have access to it easily, at a reasonable price.
Governments and public administrations are in their case confronted with multiple issues at once: making it easier to cross borders
while controlling illegal immigration, fighting terrorism, cybercrime or electoral fraud, issuing documents compliant with new international standards and
regulations, guaranteeing the security of systems for the production, issuing and checking of such documents, and data interoperability within the limits of their budgets.
On this scale, only an innovative approach to global security which make use of technological solutions and
process which are adapted to the challenges to be met, can enable States to effectively address the issues
they face and provide them with the means of building trust.
Biometric authentication relies on statistical algorithms. It therefore cannot be 100 %-reliable when used alone.
"false rejections" or "false acceptances"
What's the story here?
In one case, the machine fails to recognize an item of biometric data that does however correspond to the person.
In the reverse case, it assimilates two items of biometric data that are not in fact from the same person.
"False rejection" or "false acceptance" are symptoms which occur with all techniques used in biometrics.
Biometrics can fulfill two distinct functions, authentication and identification
Biometric sensor cards:
Another form of delivering a safe and convenient way to authenticate people has been enabled with the integration of fingerprint scanner into smart cards.
These biometric sensor cards open up a new dimension in identification with an easy-to-use, portable and secure device.
They are being launched in 2018 for the first time by Bank of Cyprus and Gemalto for EMV contact less and contact payment.
They use fingerprint recognition instead of a PIN code to authenticate the cardholder.
The cards can also be tailored to support access, physical or online identity verification services.
As user's biometric data is stored on the card, not on a central database, customer details are highly protected if the bank was to suffer a cyber-attack.
Likewise, if the card was to become lost or stolen, the holder's fingerprint could not be replicated.
Put it in another way: the biometric identifiers are checked locally and protected, as they are stored solely on the card. They never leave the card.
Biometric meaning, its an adjective, which means relating to or involving the application of statistical analysis to biological data.
Examples include, but are not limited to fingerprint, palm veins, face recognition, DNA, palm print, hand geometry, iris recognition, retina and odour/scent.
Behavioral characteristics are related to the pattern of behavior of a person, including but not limited to typing rhythm, gait, and voice.
Use, instead of using something you have (like a key) or something you know (like a password), biometrics uses who you are to identify you.
Biometrics can use physical characteristics, like your face, fingerprints, irises or veins, or behavioral characteristics like your voice, handwriting or typing rhythm.
Biometric first used,with the widespread use of computers in the late 20th century, new possibilities for digital biometrics emerged.
Although the idea to use the iris for identification purposes was suggested in the 1930 s,
the first iris recognition algorithm wasn't patented until 1994 and became available commercially the next year.
The term “biometrics” is derived from the Greek words “bio” (life) and “metrics” (to measure).
Civil Identity, population registration and voter registration
AFIS databases (Automated Fingerprint Identification System), often linked to a civil register database,
ensure the identity and uniqueness of the citizen in relation to the rest of the population in a reliable, fast and automated way.
They can combine digital fingerprints, a photo and an iris scan for greater reliability.
Civil identity and population registration
India’s Aadhaar project is emblematic of biometric registration. It is by far the world's largest biometric identification system and
the cornerstone of strong identification and authentication in India.
Aadhaar number is a 12-digit unique identity number issued to all Indian residents.
This number is based on their biographic and biometric data (a photograph, ten fingerprints two iris scans).
1,24 billion people have an Aadhaar number as of June 2019, covering more that 99% of the Indian adult population.
Initially the project has been linked to public subsidy and unemployment benefit schemes but it now includes a payment scheme.
Aahaar is providing an identity to every Indian has made many services more accessible to the people.
It has reduced corruption, cost of delivery of public services and middlemen.
Biometrics offers a broad range of techniques and can be used in a wide variety of different domains, ranging from State security to the comfort of individuals.
These technologies are mainly used in the sectors of forensic identification, identity management, as well as for biometric access control both in private and
public institutions. The effectiveness of this technology is closely linked to the use of data processing. Data is stored in files to enable rapid and
reliable identification, which in turn guarantees both comfort and security.
The most well-known techniques include fingerprints, face recognition, iris, palm and DNA-based recognition.
Research is currently opening the way for new types of biometrics, such as ear shape or facial thermography.
Whatever the method, what all these biometric techniques have in common is that they all collect characteristics which are:
1.universal, as they can be found in all individuals
2.unique, as they make it possible to differentiate one individual from another
3.permanent, allowing for change over time
4. recordable, as the characteristics of an individual cannot be collected without their consent
5.measurable, allowing for future comparison
6.and forgery-proof.
To increase security and accuracy, multimodal biometrics combines several biometric sources.
Multimodal biometric systems usually require two biometric credentials for positive identification such as face and fingerprints instead of one.
They are able to overcome limitations commonly encountered in unimodal systems.
For a number of years now, the use of several biometrics in combination, for example the face and the iris or the iris and fingerprints,
has made it possible to reduce error rates considerably.
Biometric needs for:
The simple truth is that solutions are totally related to the challenges to be met.
The justice system, for example, which must take the necessary time to identify a criminal and cannot accept the slightest error,
will not be worried by a long and costly process.
An everyday individual will seek to protect their own personal property and have access to it easily, at a reasonable price.
Governments and public administrations are in their case confronted with multiple issues at once: making it easier to cross borders
while controlling illegal immigration, fighting terrorism, cybercrime or electoral fraud, issuing documents compliant with new international standards and
regulations, guaranteeing the security of systems for the production, issuing and checking of such documents, and data interoperability within the limits of their budgets.
On this scale, only an innovative approach to global security which make use of technological solutions and
process which are adapted to the challenges to be met, can enable States to effectively address the issues
they face and provide them with the means of building trust.
Biometric authentication relies on statistical algorithms. It therefore cannot be 100 %-reliable when used alone.
"false rejections" or "false acceptances"
What's the story here?
In one case, the machine fails to recognize an item of biometric data that does however correspond to the person.
In the reverse case, it assimilates two items of biometric data that are not in fact from the same person.
"False rejection" or "false acceptance" are symptoms which occur with all techniques used in biometrics.
Biometrics can fulfill two distinct functions, authentication and identification
Biometric sensor cards:
Another form of delivering a safe and convenient way to authenticate people has been enabled with the integration of fingerprint scanner into smart cards.
These biometric sensor cards open up a new dimension in identification with an easy-to-use, portable and secure device.
They are being launched in 2018 for the first time by Bank of Cyprus and Gemalto for EMV contact less and contact payment.
They use fingerprint recognition instead of a PIN code to authenticate the cardholder.
The cards can also be tailored to support access, physical or online identity verification services.
As user's biometric data is stored on the card, not on a central database, customer details are highly protected if the bank was to suffer a cyber-attack.
Likewise, if the card was to become lost or stolen, the holder's fingerprint could not be replicated.
Put it in another way: the biometric identifiers are checked locally and protected, as they are stored solely on the card. They never leave the card.
