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What is congestion? Congestion is traffic. Interference of two or more packets . Reasons:-  Sending packets the same time. Definition:  Congestion is a situation in which number of packets in network is greater than capacity of network or channel. Total load > Capacity of channel  , is the main reason of congestion Effect of congestion :- Two main factors are affected by congestion 1) Delay versus load. 2) Throughput versus load. When load is less than network capacity delay is permission and vice versa . Delay depends on propagation delay and transmission delay . propagation time , transmission time, buffer time Congestion is directly  proportional to Delay and Congestion is directly proportional to Load Throughput:- Number of packets successfully delivered is called throughput . Throughput is inversely proportional to congestion When less congestion all packets will be successfully delivered means high throughput. causes of congestion : If...

Computer Network-  It is an interconnected collection of autonomous computers or system of computers capable of sharing resources and controlling services.  Interconnecting a set of computers with each other using transmission media is called a network. The rules governing computer communication are called protocols. Networking allows us to do the following;:- 1)Exchanging information 2)Sharing hardware resouces 3)Preserving information 4)Protecting information Network installations is major factor in networking, they are of three types:- 1)Centralized installation 2)Distibuted installation 3)Collaborative installation Types of networks:- 1)LAN -Local Area Network 2)MAN-Metropolitan Area Network 3)WAN- Wide Area Network Network Topologies:- 1)Star topology 2)Bus topology 3)Ring topology 4)Mesh topology Network Configurations:- 1)Network configuration means the method of operating a network by deciding the node authorities. There are two basic con...