Higher knowledge in education system

Education is a continuous process.In the new education system , more emphasis is put on the student and his learning abilities.The learning process has been given its due importance as compared to the teaching process.Hence, it is the aim of all the teaching aids like diagrams,charts,video clips,slides,etc. and methods to make the learning process simple,effective and enjoyable .In fact,rectification of all the queries  and difficulties of a student and motivating him to acquire higher and higher knowledge is the true aim of an education system.

Computers programs can also be developed to test a particular skill and knowledge of a student . Nowadays , some of the examinations are conducted on the computer itself and the results are declared within minutes. Hence the traditional evaluation methods can be replaced by automated evaluation methods.
Moreover,depending on the results of the evaluation,computers can also suggest the methods to improve the skill and knowledge of the student. We should not forget the fact that even some of the websites on the Internet conduct courses on various subjects.If required ,a student can also learn and obtain certificates or degrees on the Internet itself.

Taking into consideration all these facts, we come to the conclusion that the computer is becoming an integral part of our education system .Computers can be used as a valuable tool or resource in teaching and learning at all levels. All students must be encouraged to use computers for learning as well as solving of their problems.Expensive books,remote areas,over population,traditional and less effective teaching and learning aids and all other problems will be eliminated with the implementation of Computers Education in our education in our system.

Nowadays, Internet has become a valuable tool for education system. It is a great source of knowledge.Internet is useful for students as well as experts for obtaining the reference materials and related information on a variety  of subjects like history ,civics,commerce, science and technology , painting, music, entertainment , geography , mathematics , politics , etc. with help of various websites.Presentation is the most important factor of the learning process.For the  students of higher education , computer acts as a computational tool. It can be used to learn various languages.

Basic Programminng

The way we have different editions of a book ,a programming language also advances by each version .
BASIC also has many versions. John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz originally developed it at Dartmouth College around the mid -1960 s.It soon became very popular because of its simplicity .Later ,others followed it and developed MS-BASIC,GWBASIC, BASICA and QBASIC.Initally ,Micrisoft Corporation developed MS-BASIC. Writing programs and getting results was a slow process  and to overcome this limitation ,Microsoft developed its faster version QBASIC .Full form of QBASIC is Quick Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
It is simple and easily available.
QBASIC has an inbuilt editor .Editor helps in creating ,editing and storing text program files.We can create ,execute and debug a program without leaving QBASIC which speeds up our work.

How to start QBASIC :
It can be started as stated below :
1.By double clicking QBASIC icon on the desktop ,if it exists on the desktop .
2.Clicking on Start  -->Run and typing qbasic.exe along with its full path in the open text box thereafter confirming it by clicking on O.K.
Whichever way we start ,the welcome dialog box gets displayed first and which can be cleared by pressing the Esc key .Thereafter ,we can continue programming.

Rules of BASIC language :
1. Ther should be one satement per line .
2. If a statement does not fit in one line, we can continue it in the next line by inserting semicolon (;) at the end of the first line .
3. A statement should be completed in maximum two lines.
4. Each statement should be numbered .Normally we give number at the interval of 10 .First of all ,it is easy to write and secondly ,if need  arises ,we can insert a statement without changing the other line numbers.

Components of the BASIC language :
Our language comprises of sentences. A sentence is nothing but a combination of words ,and while combining these words ,we follow some rules and norms which we call grammar .Similarly ,any programming language has sentences like statements . These statements comprise of commands and expressions .We can combine commands and expressions to create a set of instructions (program ) which solves a particular program .Each programming language has its own rule for writing statements .Each statement should be written with proper order of command and expression ,which is termed as syntax .Each command has its own syntax.

Some BASIC commands:
1. REM
Syntax  :  <Line no>REM<text message>
Using the REM command ,we can write comments wherever required.

2. LET
Syntax  :  <Line no >LET<text message>
example:
LET A=20
LET SUM=A+B

3. INPUT
Syntax  : <Line no>INPUT<text message>
example:
INPUT "Enter name and age";Name$,AGE

4. PRINT
Syntax  : <Line no >PRINT<print item>separator<print item>......
To print more than 1 item ,we have to use separator like comma or a semicolon.
example :
50 PRINT X,Y,Z
60 PRINT "X=";X,"Y=";Y
70 PRINT
80 PRINT A;B;C

5. READ-DATA
Syntax : <line no>READ<variable 1,variable 2,....>
<line no>DATA<value 1,value 2,....>
example
40 READ name$,age
50 PRINT "Your name is";name$
60 PRINT "Your age is ";age
70 DATA "Vijay",40

6. GO TO
Syntax: <line no>GO TO<line no>
example :150 GO TO 50

7. IF...THEN...ELSE
Syntax: <line no>IF condition >THEN n

8. FOR.....NEXT:
Syntax: <line no> FOR<variable>=formvalue >TO <to value>STEP <value>
<statement to be repeated>


 <statement to be repeated>

<statement to be repeated>


NEXT <variable>

9.LOCATE
Syntax: <line no > LOCATE x,y

10 CLS
Syntax :CLS command clears the screen .Normally it is used to start the program .
Example: 10 CLS

11. END :This command is used to instruct the end of the program
example: 70 END

Program to find area of a circle :
10 CLS
20 REM Program to find Area of Circle.
30 INPUT "Enter Radius";R...
40 LET Area = 3.14 *R^2
50 PRINT "Area of Circle with radius "R;"is";Area
60 END

Program :FOR ...NEXT LOOP
10 CLS
20 REM Repeat Action
30 FOR I=1 TO 5
40 PRINT "I Love My India"
50 NEXT I
60 ENd
RUN  (For this Pres F5)
I Love My India
I Love My India
I Love My India
I Love My India
I Love My India

 Program to print the squares of first 50 odd numbers:
10 REM Program to print the squares of first 50 odd numbers
20 CLS
30 PRINT "Number","Square"
40 PRINT "-----------------"
50 FOR I=1 To 99 STEP 2
60 LET SQ=I^2
70 PRINT I,SQ
80 NEXT I
90 END

Output:
Number      Square
   1                  1
   3                  9
   5                  25
   7                  49
    .                  .
    .                  .
   97                 9409
   99                9801

Program to prepare a table of any number
5  CLS
10 REM Program to prepare table of any number
20 INPUT "Enter Any Number -",N
30 LET X=1
40 S=N*X
50 PRINT N;"X";X;"=";S
60 X=X+1
70 IF X<11 THEN GO TO 40 ELSE PRINT "OVER"
100 END
RUN ---------------(Press F5 key)
Enter Any Number -----------(Suppose we have entered  17)
We get output:
17x1=17
17x2=34
and so on
17x10=170
OVER

GRAPHICS IN BASIC
Program to draw a circle
10 CLS
20 REM Program to draw a circle
30 SCREEN 1
40 CIRCLE(70,85),25
50 END

MS-Excel

1)Specify any one type of charts available in spreadsheet.   Answer:  Bar graph, Column graph, Pie chart, Line graph, etc. 2)Give any one built-in function of spread sheet.   Answer:  SUM(range) : This function returns the sum of all the numbers in the list of arguments. Example: =SUM(A2:E2) 3)What are macros in ESS?   Answer:  Macro is a small program that caries out pre-defined series of steps by giving a few keyboard shortcuts. Macro is like a batch file created in dos. It contains a series of commands. When a macro is called and run, the instructions given in it are executed one by one. 4)Differentiate between MAX( ) and MIN( ) built-in functions in a spread sheet.   Answer:  MAX(num 1, num 2,……) : Returns the largest value in a set of values. Example: =MAX(15, 25, 8, 14) returns 25 MIN(num 1,num 2……) : Returns the lowest value in a set of values. Example: =MIN(15, 25, 8, 14) returns 8 5)Explain briefly built in functions in spreadsheet.   Answer: SUM(range) : this function returns the sum of all the numbers in the list of arguments. Example: =SUM(A2:E2) ABS(number) : It returns absolute value of a number. Example: =ABS(-35)=35 SQRT(number) : This function returns a positive square root. Example: =SQRT(5) equals 2.1928. AVERAGE(num 1, num 2……) : Returns the average of the set of numbers. Example: =AVERAGE(15, 25, 50) returns 30. 6)Explain Arithmetic functions of MS-Excel.   Answer: SUM(range) : this function returns the sum of all the numbers in the list of arguments. Example: =SUM(A2:E2) ABS(number) : It returns absolute value of a number. Example: =ABS(-35)=35 SQRT(number) : This function returns a positive square root. Example: =SQRT(5) equals 2.1928. PRODUCT(num1, num2…) : It returns the product of all the numbers given as arguments. Example: =PRODUCT(5,8,2)=80 7)Explain DATE functions used in spreadsheets.   Answer:  DAY(serial number) : It returns the day of the days corresponding to serial number or date. Example: DAY (“5-jan”)=5 MONTH(serial number) : It returns the month corresponding to serial number or date. Example: MONTH(“6-may”)=5 NOW( ) : This function returns the serial number of the current date and time. DATE(year, month, day) : Returns the serial number of a particular date. Example: DATE: (2005,3,23) returns 38434. 8)Briefly explain advantages of spreadsheet.   Answer: i. Built-in Functions: It has rich set of built-in functions to perform all types of calculations such as sum, max, abs, product, etc., ii. Copying formula: Similar formula can be copied into any number of cells. iii. Fill series: It is used to fill automatically fill numbers or data in a series of cells. iv. Sorting: The data can be arranged in a specific order in a table. 9)Explain Logical functions in Ms-Excel. Answer: 1. AND(logical1, logical2………) : This function returns TRUE if all its arguments are true, returns FALSE if one or more arguments are FALSE. Example: =AND(3<5, 8=8) returns TRUE =AND(3>5, 8=8) returns FALSE 2. OR(logical, logical 2………) : It returns TRUE if one or more arguments are TRUE, returns FALSE if all its arguments are FALSE. Example: =OR(3<5, 8<>8) returns TRUE =OR(3>5, 8<>8) returns FALSE 3. NOT(logical) : Reverses the value of its arguments. Example: =NOT(3<5) returns FALSE =NOT(3>5) returns TRUE 4. If(logical-test, value1, value2) : It returns value1 if logical test is true. If logical test is false it returns value2. Example: =If(85>80, “Dist”, “I Class”) returns “Dist” =If(40>50, 100, 200) returns 200

MOTHERBOARD

What is motherboard ?  Or Short Note on motherboard. Answer:- 1)Motherboard specifically refers to a printed circuit board(PCB) with expansion capability and as the name suggests, this board is the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often include sound cards, video cards, network cards, hard drives, or other forms of persistent storage; TV tuner cards, cards providing extra USB or FireWire slots and a variety of other custom components . 2)It is the main circuit board in a computer. 3)A motherboard provides a way for hardware in a computer to communicate with each other. 4)The term mainboard is applied to devices with a single board and no additional expansions or capability, such as controlling boards in televisions, washing machines and other embedded systems. 5)An important component of a motherboard is the microprocessor's supporting chipset, which provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard. 6)It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. 7)Motherboards contain some non-volatile memory to initialize the system and load some start up software, usually an operating system, from some external peripheral device.

                                                           Figure :- Motherboard

Solve sums of arithmetic

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1. Find the smallest number which when diminished by 3,is exactly divisible by 21,28,36 and 45.   Answer:-   1263   2.If we multiply a fraction by itself and divide the product by its reciprocal , we get 1826/27. Find the original fraction. Answer :-   2  2                           3 3. By what least number must 21,600 be multiplied to make it a perfect cube? Answer :-  10 4.Solve   0.5 * 0.05 * 0.005 * 50 Answer:-  0.006250 5. The value of a machine depreciates at the rate 10% every year. It was purchased 3 years ago.If its present value is Rs 8,748 , find its purchase price. Answer :-  Rs 12,000 6. On a journey across Delhi , a taxi averages 30 kmph for 60% of the distance,20kmph for 20% of it and 10 kmph for the remainder. Find the average speed for the whole journey. Answer:-  20 km per hr 7. A mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio of 4:3 .If  7 litres of water is added to the mixture, the ratio of alcohol and water becomes 3:4 . Find the quantity of alcohol in the mixture. Answer:-  12 litres 8. A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days, B and C in 15 days,C and A in 20 days.In how many days A alone will do the work? Answer:-  30 days 9. At a certain rate of simple interest, a certain sum doubles itself on 10 years,it will treble itself? Answer:-  20 years 10. If the ratio of the areas of two squares is 9:1 ,then what will be the ratio of their parameters? Answer:-  3:1 11. If a commission of 10% is given on the written price of an article ,the gain is 20 % .Find the gain percent if the commission is increased to 20 %. Answer:-  6  2 %                      3