Friday, July 25, 2014

Install Windows

To install Windows XP operating system follow steps :-

Minimum System Requirements:-
  • 300 MHz Intel or AMD CPU
  • 128 megabytes (MB) of system RAM
  • 1.5 gigabytes (GB) of available drive space
  • Super VGA (800x600) or higher display adapter
  • CD or DVD-ROM
  • Keyboard and mouse, or other pointing devices
  • Network Interface Adapter required for Internet and Network Connectivity
Turn your computer on then press Del or F2 to enter the system BIOS
Go to Boot menu and choose Boot From CD/DVD.
Press F10 to save the configuration and exit BIOS then reset your computer.
Insert Windows XP DVD into your DVD drive then start up your computer,

Step 1:-Load the installer.
 Once your Boot Order is set, insert the Windows XP CD into your drive and Save and Exit from the BIOS. Your computer will reboot and you will be presented with the message: Press any key to boot from CD. Press any key on your keyboard to start the Setup program.
Setup will load files necessary to begin the installation, which may take a few moments. Once the loading is complete, you will be taken to the Welcome screen.


Step 2:- Press ENTER to begin installation.
Once the loading is complete, you will be taken to the Welcome screen. You are given several options, but if you are installing or reinstalling Windows XP, you’ll want to press ENTER to start the installation configuration.


Step 3 :-Read the License Agreement.
 This document tells you what you can and can’t do with Windows, and your rights as the consumer. After reading, press F8 indicating you agree to the terms.

Step 4 :- Select the partition you want to install on.
You will see a list of available partitions on your installed hard drives. If you are installing Windows XP on a new hard drive, you should see only one entry labeled "Unpartitioned space." If you have a previous version of Windows or Linux installed on your computer, you will potentially have multiple partitions.
Installing Windows XP will erase all of the data on the partition that you choose. Select a partition that is empty or that contains data that you do not care to lose.
You can delete your partitions with the “D” key. This will return them to “Unpartitioned space”. Any data on the partition will be lost when it is deleted

Step 5 :-Create a new partition.
 Select the Unparititioned space and press “C”. This will open a new screen where you can set the partition’s size from the available space. Enter the size in megabytes (MB) for the new partition and then press ENTER.

Step 6 :-Select your new partition.
 Once you’ve created your installation partition, you will be returned to the partition selection screen. Select your new partition, usually labeled "C: Partition 1 [Raw]" and press ENTER.

Step 7 :- Select "Format the Partition using the NTFS File System" and press ENTER.

Step 8:- Wait for the format and Setup files to copy and for for the installation to proceed.

Step 9:- Choose your language and region settings.Click the Next button when that is completed.Enter your full name if you want. This will be set as the “owner” of Windows, and will be attached to certain things, such as Document creation.

Step 10:- Enter your Product Key. You will not be able to complete the installation process without a valid Product Key. Click "Next" to continue.

Step 11:-Set your computer’s name. This will be the name that represents the computer on a network. Windows sets a default name, but you can change it if you would like. You can also set a password for the Administrator account. This is optional, but recommended for public computers.

Step 12:-Select your time zone. Ensure that the date/time are correct. Click "Next" to continue.

Step 13:- Choose your network settings.

Step 14:- Wait for the installation to finalize.
This will only take a few minutes, and the computer will reboot when it is finished installing. Once the computer reboots, you will be taken to the Windows XP desktop. At this point, installation is complete, though there are a few things left to do before Windows is completely usable.



To install Windows 7 operating system follow these steps:-

Check Hardware requirements:-
  • 1 GHz CPU with 32 bits or 64 bits
  • 1 GB Ram for 32 bits or 2 GB Ram for 64 bits.
  • 16 GB empty space hard disk for 32 bits or 20 GB for 64 bits.
  • DVD drive
Step 1:-Turn your computer on then press Del or F2 (depend on your computer’s mainboard) to enter the system BIOS

Step 2:-Go to Boot menu and choose Boot From CD/DVD.

Step 3:-Press F10 to save the configuration and exit BIOS then reset your computer.

Step 4:- Insert Windows 7 DVD into your DVD drive then start up your computer, Windows 7 will be loading files.

Step 5:- Select these parts: Language to Install,Time and currency format, Keyboard or input method. Then click Next.

Step 6:-Choose Install Now if you want to install Windows 7. Choose the Windows 7 version that you want to install in 'Select the operating system you want to install' . Here we choose Windows 7 Ultimate then click next (depending on your Windows DVD, this step is an option).

Step 7 :-Click 'I accept the license terms' in 'Please read the license' then click Next.

Step 8:-Choose 'Upgrade' in 'Which type of installation do you want' if you want to upgrade from an older Windows version to Windows 7, 'Custom (advance)' if you want to install a new version of Windows.

Step 9:- Choose Partition for installation, if your computer has only one hard disk, it will be easy for selection, but if it has some Partition, you will have to consider which Partition to choose.

Step 10:-Wait for Installing Windows to progress. Your computer might be restarted during the process.

Step 11:- Type you’re a user account and computer name. After click Next.

Step 12:-Type a password for your account, you can also Type a password hint to help in case of forgetting the password in the future, and then click Next.

Step 13:-Type in activation code or key for your license in Product key box if you have any. Click Next.

Step 14 :-Choose how to protect your Windows. Here we choose Use recommended settings.

Step 15 :-Set up your Time zone then click Next.

Step 16:- Choose an option from 3 choices: Public Network, Work Network, Home Network. Choose Home Network for using Internet at home.

Solve Computer Science Questions

1. With four programs in memory and with 80% average I/O wait , the CPU utilization is?

A) 60 %
B) 70 %
C) 90 %
D) 100 %




2. To employ multi - access in GSM , users are given different:


A) time slots
B) bandpass filters
C) handsets
D) frequency bands




3.What will be the value of 'b' after the execution of the following code statements:
c = 10;
b = ++c + ++c;


A) 20
B) 22
C) 23
D) None




4. What of the following does not represent a valid storage class in 'c'?

A) automatic
B) static
C) union
D) extern




5. Find the odd man out :

A) tail
B) cut
C) wart
D) sed




6. We can not delete the ____icon but we can made it invisible.

A) Recycle
B) My computer
C) Internet explorer
D) None of the above




7. The device which connects dissimilar LAN's of different topologies using different sets of communication protocols so that information can flow from one to another is called:

A) Router
B) Bridge
C) Gateway
D) Switch




8. Capability Maturity Model is meant for;

A) Product
B) Process
C) Product and Process
D) None of the above




9. In the light of software engineering software consists of:


A) Programs
B) Data
C) Documentation
D) All the above




10. Variable partition memory management technique with compaction results in:

A) Reduction of fragmentation
B) Minimal wastage
C) Segment sharing
D) None of the above




Solve Questions on GK and common


1. Find out the wrong number in the sequence.
52, 51, 48, 43, 34, 27, 16
A) 27
B) 34
C) 43
D) 48



2. The letters in the first set have a certain relationship.
On the basis of this relationship mark the right choice for the second set:
A) FHJL
B) RPNL
C) LNPR
D) LJHF



3.Insert the missing number in the following:
3, 8, 18, 23, 33, ?, 48
A) 37
B) 40
C) 38
D) 45



4.In a certain code ,CLOCK is written as KCOLC.How would STEPS be written in that code?
A) SPEST
B) SPSET
C) SPETS
D) SEPTS



5. 'No man are mortal'  is contradictory of:
A) Some man are mortal
B) Some man are not mortal
C) All men are mortal
D) No mortal is man



6.Two ladies and two men are playing bridge and seated at North, East, South and West of a table.
No lady is facing East.Persons sitting opposite to each other are not of the same sex. One man is facing South. Which direction are the laddies facing to?
A) East and West
B) North and West
C) South East
D) None of these



7. What is blog?
A) Online music
B) Intranet
C) A personal or corporate website in the form of an online journal
D) A personal or corporate Google search



8. Bog is a wetland that receives water from :
A) nearby water bodies
B) melting
C) rain fall only
D) sea only



9. Action-research  is:
A) An applied research
B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems
C) A longitudinal research
D) All the above



10.How can the objectivity of the research be enhanced ?
A) Through its impartiality
B) Through its reliability
C) Through its validity
D) All the above

Thursday, July 24, 2014

SEO

SEO: Search Engine Optimization
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's "natural" or un-paid ("organic") search results.



There are two ways of doing SEO
On-Page SEO- This includes providing good content, good keywords selection. putting keywords on correct places, giving appropriate title to every page etc.
Off-Page SEO - This includes link building, increasing link popularity by submitting in open directories, search engines, link exchange etc.

SEO may target different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search, academic search,news search and industry-specific vertical search engines.


Search engines perform several activities in order to deliver search results like,
1.Crawling
2.Indexing
3.Processing
4.Calculating Relevancy
5.Retrieving Results

SEO techniques are classified into two broad categories:
1.Techniques that search engines recommend as part of good design referred to as White Hat SEO, and
2.Techniques that search engines do not approve and attempt to minimize the effect of referred to as Black Hat or spamdexing.
1.White Hat SEO:-
An SEO technique is considered white hat if it conforms to the search engines guidelines and involves no deception.
As the search engine guidelines are not written as a series of rules or commandments, this is an important distinction to note.
White hat SEO is not just about following guidelines, but is about ensuring that the content a search engine indexes and
subsequently ranks is the same content a user will see.
 White hat advice is generally summed up as creating content for users, not for search engines,
and then making that content easily accessible to the spiders, rather than attempting to trick the algorithm from its intended purpose.
 White hat SEO is in many ways similar to web development that promotes accessibility, although the two are not identical.


2.Black Hat SEO :-
Black hat SEO attempts to improve rankings in ways that are disapproved of by the search engines, or involve deception.
One black hat technique uses text that is hidden, either as text colored similar to the background, in an invisible div, or positioned off screen.
Another method gives a different page depending on whether the page is being requested by a human visitor or a search engine, a technique known as cloaking.


In optimizing keywords on a web page are:-
Keyword Frequency:
This is calculated as how often does a keyword appear in a site's title or description. You don't want to go overboard with frequency, however, since on some engines if you repeat a word too many times, you'll be penalized for "spamming" or keyword stuffing.
In general though, repeat your keyword in the document as many times as you can get away with, and up to 3-7 times in your META tags.

Keyword Weight:
This refers to the number of keywords appearing on your Web page compared to the total number of words appearing on that same page. Some search engines consider this when determining the rank of your Web site for a particular keyword search.
One technique that often works well is to create some smaller pages, generally just a paragraph long, which emphasize a particular keyword. By keeping the overall number of words to a minimum, you will increase the "weight" of the keyword you are emphasizing.

Keyword Proximity:
This refers to the placement of keywords on a Web page in relation to each other or, in some cases, in relation to other words with a similar meaning as the queried keyword.
For search engines that grade a keyword match by keyword proximity, the connected phrase .home loans. will outrank a citation that mentions .home mortgage loans. assuming that you are searching only for the phrase "home loans".

Keyword Prominence:
A measure of how early or high up on a page the keywords are found. Having keywords in the first heading and in the first paragraph (first 20 words or so) on a page are best.

Keyword Placement:
WHERE your keywords are placed on a page is very important. For example, in most engines, placing the keywords in the Title of the page or in the Heading tags will give it more relevancy. On some engines, placing keywords in the link text, the part that is underlined on the screen in a browser, can add more relevancy to those words.

Best Places to Put Keywords:
Here is a list of places where you should try to use your main keywords.
1.Keywords in the <title> tag(s).
2.Keywords in the <meta name="description">
3.Keywords in the <meta name="keyword">
4. Keywords in <h1> or other headline tags.
5.Keywords in the <a href="http://yourcompany.com">keywords</a> link tags.
6.Keywords in the body copy.
7.Keywords in alt tags.
8.Keywords in <!-- insert comments here> comments tags.
9.Keywords contained in the URL or site address, e.g., http://www.keyword.com/keywordkeyword.htm.


Finding Keywords:

There are many different ways to find keywords for your website. Some good keyword ideas are:
1.Words people would search for to find your product or service.
2.Problems your prospective customers may be trying to solve with your product or service.
3.Keyword tags on competitors websites.
4.Visible page copy on competitors websites.
5.Related search suggestions on top search engines.
6.By using an online tools like: Google Keyword Tool
7.By analyzing your website carefully and finding out proper keywords. This task can be done by expert SEO Copywriters.
8.Pay attention to stemming for your keywords - Particularly to what the root word is and what Google considers to be a match for that word when optimizing pages over time.
9.You can do brainstorming to identify correct keywords for your site.

Wednesday, July 23, 2014

To learn Multiplication tables

Multiplication Tables:-



012345 6

 0 * 1 = 0 
0 * 2 = 0
0 * 3  = 0
0 * 4 = 0
0 * 5 = 0
0 * 6 = 0
0 * 7= 0
0 * 8 = 0
0 * 9 = 0
0 * 10 = 0
0 * 11 = 0
0 * 12 = 0

1 * 1 = 1
1 * 2  = 2
1 * 3  = 3
1 * 4 = 4
1 * 5= 5
1 * 6 = 6
1 * 7 = 7
1 * 8 = 8
1 * 9 = 9
1 * 10 = 10
1 * 11 = 11
1 * 12 = 12
 
2 * 1 = 02
2 * 2 = 04
2 * 3 = 06
2 * 4 = 08
2 * 5 = 10
2 * 6 = 12
2 * 7 = 14
2 * 8 = 16
2 * 9 = 18
2 * 10 = 20
2 * 11 = 22
2 * 12 = 24

3 * 1 = 03
3 * 2 = 06
3 * 3 = 09
3 * 4 = 12
3 * 5 = 15
3 *  6 = 18
3 * 7 = 21
3 * 8 = 24
3 * 9 = 27
3 * 10 = 30
3 * 11 = 33
3 * 12 = 36

4 * 1 = 04
4 * 2 = 08
4 * 3 =  12
4 * 4 = 16
4 * 5 = 20
4 * 6 = 24
4 * 7 = 28
4 *  8 = 32
4 * 9 = 36
4 * 10 = 40
4 * 11 = 44
4 * 12 = 48

5 * 1 = 05
5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
5 * 4 = 20
5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45
5 * 10 = 50
5 * 11 = 55
5 * 12 = 60

6 * 1 = 06
6 * 2 = 12
6 * 3 = 18
6 * 4 = 24
6 * 5 = 30
6 * 6 = 36
6 * 7 = 42
6 * 8 = 48
6* 9 = 54
6 * 10 = 60
6 * 11 = 66
6 * 12 = 72


789101112

7 * 1 = 07
7 * 2 = 14
7 * 3 = 21
7 * 4 = 28
7 * 5 = 35
7 * 6 = 42
7 * 7 = 49
7 * 8 = 56
7* 9 = 63
7 * 10 = 70
7 * 11 = 77
7 * 12 = 84

8 * 1 = 08
8 * 2 = 16
8 * 3 = 24
8 * 4 = 32
8 * 5 = 40
8 * 6 = 48
8  * 7 = 56
8 * 8 = 64
8 * 9 = 72
8 * 10 = 80
8 * 11 = 88
8 * 12 = 96

9 * 1 = 09
9 * 2 = 18
9 * 3 = 27
9 * 4 = 36
9 * 5 = 45
9 * 6 = 54
9 * 7 = 63
9 * 8 = 72
9 * 9 = 81
9 * 10 = 90
9 * 11 = 99
9 * 12 = 108

10 * 1 = 10
10 * 2 = 20
10 * 3 = 30
10 * 4 = 40
10 * 5 = 50
10 * 6 = 60
10 * 7 = 70
10 * 8 = 80
10 * 9 = 90
10 * 10 = 100
10 * 11 = 110
10 * 12 = 120

11 * 1 = 11
11 * 2 = 22
11 * 3 = 33
11 * 4 = 44
11 * 5 = 55
11 * 6 = 66
11 * 7 = 77
11 * 8 = 88
11 * 9 = 99
11 * 10 = 110
11 * 11 = 121
11 * 12 = 132

12 * 1 = 12
12 * 2 = 24
12 * 3 = 36
12 * 4 = 48
12 * 5 = 60
12 * 6 = 72
12 * 7 = 84
12 * 8 = 96
12 * 9 = 108
12 * 10 = 120
12 * 11 = 132
12 * 12 = 144
  where,
* means multiplication(to multiply). 
To write table of  9 is very simple:-
First write 0 to 9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
then next from downwards that is from 9 write, 0 to 9 numbers in front of them.
09
18
27
36
45
54
63
72
81
90

Java

Java Programming Language:

 Java is a computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java applications are typically compiled to byte-code (class file) that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is, as of 2014, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.
Figure :-Java Logo 

Java is:

Architectural-neutral: Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format which makes the compiled code to be executable on many processors, with the presence of Java run-time system.

Distributed: Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.

Dynamic: Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time.

High Performance: With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high performance.

Interpreted: Java byte code is translated on the fly to native machine instructions and is not stored anywhere. The development process is more rapid and analytical since the linking is an incremental and light weight process.

Multi-threaded: With Java's multi-threaded feature it is possible to write programs that can do many tasks simultaneously. This design feature allows developers to construct smoothly running interactive applications.

Object Oriented: In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model.

Platform independent: Unlike many other programming languages including C and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run.
 

Portable: Being architectural-neutral and having no implementation dependent aspects of the specification makes Java portable. Compiler in Java is written in ANSI C with a clean portability boundary which is a PO SIX subset.

Robust: Java makes an effort to eliminate error prone situations by emphasizing mainly on compile time error checking and run-time checking.

Secure: With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.

Simple: Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP Java would be easy to master.


History of Java:
James Gosling initiated the Java language project in June 1991 for use in one of his many set-top box projects. The language, initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office, also went by the name Green and ended up later being renamed as Java, from a list of random words.
Sun released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995. It promised Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA), providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms.
On 13 November 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).
On 8 May 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code free and open-source, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright.


Software:
Linux 7.1 or Windows 95/98/2000/XP/7/8 operating system.
Java JDK 5
Microsoft Notepad or any other text editor

Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Micro-systems which was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core component of Sun Micro-systems Java platform (Java 1.0 [J2SE]).

As of December 2008, the latest release of the Java Standard Edition is 6 (J2SE).
With the advancement of Java and its widespread popularity, multiple configurations were built to suite various types of platforms. Ex: J2EE for Enterprise Applications, J2ME for Mobile Applications.

Sun Micro-systems has renamed the new J2 versions as Java SE, Java EE and Java ME respectively.
Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere.
 

Tuesday, July 22, 2014

PHP

PHP

  1. PHP is a recursive acronym for "Hypertext Preprocessor".
  2. PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language.
  3. PHP scripts are executed on the server.
  4. PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use.
  5. PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code.
  6. PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML.
  7. PHP files have extension ".php".
  8. PHP can generate dynamic page content.
  9. PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server.
  10. PHP can collect form data.
  11. PHP can send and receive cookies.
  12. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database.
  13. PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website.
  14. PHP can encrypt data.
  15. PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.).
  16. PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.).
  17. PHP supports a wide range of databases.
  18. PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side.
  19. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies.
  20. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.
  21. In PHP, all user-defined functions, classes, and keywords (e.g. if, else, while, echo, etc.) are NOT case-sensitive.However; in PHP, all variables are case-sensitive.
  22. PHP is a Loosely Typed Language.PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value.In other languages such as C, C++, and Java, the programmer must declare the name and type of the variable before using it.


PHP Variables:-

As with algebra, PHP variables can be used to hold values (x=5) or expressions (z=x+y).

A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume).

Rules for PHP variables:
  1. A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable
  2. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
  3. A variable name cannot start with a number
  4. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
  5. Variable names are case sensitive ($y and $Y are two different variables)



PHP Variables Scope:-

In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in the script.

The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the variable can be referenced/used.

PHP has three different variable scopes:
  1. local
  2. global
  3. static

PHP Data Types:-
PHP Integers:

An integer is a number without decimals.

Rules for integers:

  1. An integer must have at least one digit (0-9)
  2. An integer cannot contain comma or blanks
  3. An integer must not have a decimal point
  4. An integer can be either positive or negative
  5. Integers can be specified in three formats: decimal (10-based), hexadecimal (16-based - prefixed with 0x) or octal (8-based - prefixed with 0)

Example
<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
echo "<br>";
$x = -345; // negative number
var_dump($x);
echo "<br>";
$x = 0x8C; // hexadecimal number
var_dump($x);
echo "<br>";
$x = 047; // octal number
var_dump($x);
?>

Basic PHP Syntax:-
A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My first PHP page</h1>

<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>

</body>
</html>

PHP statements are terminated by semicolon (;).
The closing tag of a block of PHP code also automatically implies a semicolon.
So you do not have to have a semicolon terminating the last line of a PHP block.

List of bank names in India

 Here is a comprehensive list of banks in India, categorized by type: