More Questions with ans to solve

1. A router is an OSI Layer __________device.
A. 1
B. 5
C. 3
D. 4

Ans:-C

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2. What do routers connect?
A. Bridges and repeaters
B. Bridges and hubs
C. Two or more networks
D. Hubs and nodes

Ans:- C.

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3. What does a router route?
A. Layer 1 bits
B. Layer 2 frames
C. Layer 3 packets
D. Layer 4 segments

Ans:- C.

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4. To construct a simple LAN of four computers, you connect them with a _________ ?
A. Cross-connect cable
B. Serial line
C. Hub
D. Router

Ans. C.

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5. What is the maximum cable length for STP (without a repeater, and so on)?
A. 100 ft
B. 100 m
C. 150 ft
D. 1000 in

Ans: - B.

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6. How many pairs of wires make up a UTP cable?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

Ans::- B.

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7. Which connector does UTP use?
A. STP
B. BNC
C. RJ-45
D. RJ-69

Ans::- C.

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8. What is an advantage that coaxial cable has over STP or UTP?
A. It is capable of achieving 10-100 Mbps.
B. it is inexpensive.
C. It can run longer distances unboosted.
D. None of the above.

Ans::- C.

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9. A more compact version of coaxial cable is known as
A. Thinnet
B. BNC
C. STP
D. UTP

Ans::- A.

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10. A _________ fiber optic cable allows multiple streams of LED-generated light.
A. Multimode
B. Multi-channel
C. Multiphase
D. None of the above

Ans::- A.

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11. What is the importance of the EIA/TIA standards?
A. They provide a framework for the implementation of the OST reference model.
B. They provide guidelines for NIC manufacturers to follow to ensure compatibility.
C. They provide the minimum media requirements for multi-product and multi-vendor environments.
D. None of the above.

Ans::- C.

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12. For the horizontal cabling component, TIA/EIA-568A requires a minimum of how many connectors at each work area?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6

Ans::- B.

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13. What does the twisting of the wires do in a CAT-5 cable?
A. It makes it thinner.
B. It makes it less expensive.
C. It reduces noise problems.
D. It allows six pairs to fit in the space of four pairs.

Ans::- C.

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14. The standard 10BaseT cable is Category ___________
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Ans::- C.

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15. The network area within which data packets originate and collide is called a ____________?
A. Collision domain
B. Network domain
C. Collision segment
D. Network segment

Ans::- A.

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16. Using repeaters __________ the collision domain.
A. Reduces
B. Has no effect on
C. Extends
D. None of the above

Ans::- C.

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17. The process of installing complex networking devices that break up the domains by using bridges, switches, and routers is known as:
A. Sectioning
B. Segmentation
C. Collision Domain Reduction
D. None of the above

Ans::- B.

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18. What physical topology has all its nodes connected directly to one link, and has no other connections between nodes?
A. Linear bus
B. Star
C. Ring
D. None of the above

Ans::- A.

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19. What type of numbering system is characterized by 0’s and 1’s?
A. Base 4
B. Base 10
C. Binary
D. Hexadecimal

Ans::- C.

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20. What is the decimal number 151 in binary?
A. 10100111
B. 10010111
C. 10101011
D. 10010011

Ans::- B.

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21. What is the binary number 11011010 in decimal?
A. 186
B. 202
C. 222
D. 218

Ans::- D.

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22. What best describes how much information can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time?
A. Mbps
B. Transfer-rate
C. Reliability
D. Bandwidth

Ans::- D.

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23. Bandwidth is described in _____________.
A. Bytes per second
B. Bits per second
C. Megabits per millisecond
D. Centimeters

Ans::- B.

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24. What term is used to describe the rated throughput capacity of a given network medium or protocol?
A. TCP/IP
B. Ethernet
C. Bandwidth
D. Routing protocol

Ans::- C.

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25. At its most basic level, computer data consist of _________.
A. Bits
B. Bytes
C. Packets
D. None of the above

Ans::- A.

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26. Which of the following is not a form of cable media?
A. Coaxial cables
B. Optical fibers
C. Category 5 UTP
D. None of the above

Ans::- D.

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27. A protocol is not __________.
A. A set of rules
B. An agreement
C. A connection layer
D. A definitive outline

Ans::- C.

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28. Which of the following best describes topology?
A. A connection of computers, printers, and other devices for the purpose of communications
B. The physical arrangement of network nodes and media within an enterprise networking structure
C. A network type that prevents collisions of data packets
D. A method for filtering network traffic to reduce the chance of bottlenecks and slowdowns

Ans::- B.

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29. Which of the following best describes a star topology?
A. A LAN topology in which a central hub is connected by vertical cabling to other hubs that are dependent on it
B. A LAN topology in which transmissions from network stations propagate the length of the medium and are received by all other stations
C. A LAN topology in which endpoints on a network are connected to a common central point
D. A LAN topology in which central points on a network are connected to a common central switch by linear links

Ans::- C.

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30. Which of the following best describes a node?
A. An endpoint of a network connection or a junction common to two or more lines in a network that serve as control points
B. An application that establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between devices and manages data exchange between presentation layer entities
C. An application that synchronizes cooperating devices and establishes agreement on procedures for error recovery and control of data integrity
D. All of the above

Ans::- A.

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File Organization

FILE ORGANIZATION:

It refers to the way of arranging the records in a file which can be accessed in a faster way.
The criteria considered in choosing a file organization are:
1) Fast access to single record or collection of related records.
2) Easy record adding/ update/ removal without disrupting.
3) Storage efficiency
4) Redundancy as a warranty against data corruption.

The files are generally viewed as
• Logical File organization: The groups of fields which are combined to form logical
record, which can perform different operations on the file.
• Physical file organization: The data which is stored in the form of records can be
placed in any storage devices, main memory, secondary memory etc.

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Types of File Organization:
I) Sequential Access File Organization
II) Direct Access File Organization
III) Index Sequential Access File Organization

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I) Sequential Access File Organization:

1) All records are stored in a sequential order.
2) That is, the records are arranged in the ascending or descending order of a key field.
3) Eg: a) In a student information system, the file would contain roll number, name, division, marks
obtained in the examination.
b) In a payroll application, the records are stored with employee number as a
key field.
4) To locate a particular record in such file organization, we have to start searching
from the beginning of the file until it is found in the file.
5) It is time consuming process.
6) Normally created and maintained on magnetic tapes. Eg: Audio Cassettes.
7) There is no need for any storage space identification

Advantages:
1) Simple to understand
2) Easier to organize, maintain
3) Economical
4) Error in files remain localized

Disadvantages:
1) Entire file has to be processed
2) Transactions must be sorted in a particular sequence before processing
3) Time consuming searching
4) High data redundancy
5) Random enquiries are not possible to handle

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II) Direct Access File Organization (Random Access or relative file organization).:

1) Also known as Random Access or relative file organization.
2) Records are stored in Direct Access Storage Device(DASD). Such as magnetic disk(Hard disks).
3) For direct access, the file is viewed as numbered sequence of blocks or records.
4) These blocks or records are taken as key for accessing the desired information randomly.
5) It allows arbitrary (random) blocks to be read or written.
6) It is useful for immediate access to large amount of information. They are often used in accessing
large databases.
7) This technique is called as hashing

Advantages:
1) Immediate Access of the desired records.
2) No sorting of the records is required.
3) Faster updating of several files.
4) Helps in online transaction processing system like online reservation systems.

Disadvantages:
1) Data may be accidentally erased or over-written unless special precautions are taken
2) Backup facility is needed
3) Expensive- hard disks are needed to store the records, it is expensive
4) Less efficient as compared to sequential file organization in the use of storage space
5) Only one key is used
6) Cannot be accessed sequentially

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III) Index Sequential access file organization(ISAM)

1) This file organization is a synthesis of the above two file organizations.
2) It combines the positive features of both the sequential and direct access file organizations.
3) Here records are stored randomly on a direct access device such as magnetic disk by a primary key.
Hence, we can access data either sequentially or randomly using the index. The index is stored in a
file and read into memory when the file is opened.
4) It may have multiple keys. These keys can be alphanumeric
5) The key upon which the data records are ordered is called the primary key.
6) Other keys are called alternate keys

Advantages:
1) Multilpe keys – are also alphanumeric in nature
2) Both sequential and random access is possible
3) Accessing of records is fast, if the index table is properly organized

Disadvantages:

1) More storage space is needed because of the presence of Index
2) Less efficient in the use of storage space as compared to other file organizations
3) It requires special software, i.e expensive.