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1. A router is an OSI Layer __________device. A. 1 B. 5 C. 3 D. 4 Ans:-C 2. What do routers connect? A. Bridges and repeaters B. Bridges and hubs C. Two or more networks D. Hubs and nodes Ans:- C. 3. What does a router route? A. Layer 1 bits B. Layer 2 frames C. Layer 3 packets D. Layer 4 segments Ans:- C. 4. To construct a simple LAN of four computers, you connect them with a _________ ? A. Cross-connect cable B. Serial line C. Hub D. Router Ans. C. 5. What is the maximum cable length for STP (without a repeater, and so on)? A. 100 ft B. 100 m C. 150 ft D. 1000 in Ans: - B. 6. How many pairs of wires make up a UTP cable? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 Ans::- B. 7. Which connector does UTP use? A. STP B. BNC C. RJ-45 D. RJ-69 Ans::- C. 8. What is an advantage that coaxial cable has over STP or UTP? A. It is capable of achieving 10-100 Mbps. B. it is inexpensive. C. It can run longer distances unboosted. D. None of the above. Ans...

FILE ORGANIZATION: It refers to the way of arranging the records in a file which can be accessed in a faster way. The criteria considered in choosing a file organization are: 1) Fast access to single record or collection of related records. 2) Easy record adding/ update/ removal without disrupting. 3) Storage efficiency 4) Redundancy as a warranty against data corruption. The files are generally viewed as • Logical File organization: The groups of fields which are combined to form logical record, which can perform different operations on the file. • Physical file organization: The data which is stored in the form of records can be placed in any storage devices, main memory, secondary memory etc. Types of File Organization: I) Sequential Access File Organization II) Direct Access File Organization III) Index Sequential Access File Organization I) Sequential Access File Organization: 1) All records are stored in a sequential order. 2) That is, the records are ar...